Ham IF Trong Google Sheets: Huong Dan Day Du Tu Co Ban Den Nang Cao [2026]
Tuân Hoang![Ham IF Trong Google Sheets: Huong Dan Day Du Tu Co Ban Den Nang Cao [2026]](/images/blog/ham-if-trong-google-sheets-huong-dan-day-du.svg)
Ham IF la nen tang cua moi cong thuc logic trong Google Sheets — nam vung IF giup ban tu dong hoa 80% tac vu phan loai, phan tich du lieu hang ngay.
Bai viet nay huong dan toan bo cu phap, vi du thuc te, cach long IF, ket hop IF voi AND/OR/IFS — tu nguoi moi bat dau den su dung chuyen nghiep.
Muc luc:
1. Ham IF La Gi? Cu Phap Co Ban
Ham IF (Ham Neu) la mot trong nhung ham quan trong nhat trong Google Sheets, cho phep ban kiem tra mot dieu kien va tra ve hai ket qua khac nhau tuy thuoc vao dieu kien do la TRUE (dung) hay FALSE (sai).
Hay tuong tuong IF nhu mot nga re: neu dieu kien dung → di duong A; neu sai → di duong B. Day chinh la nen tang cua tu duy lap trinh, duoc ap dung truc tiep vao bang tinh ma khong can biet code.
Cu Phap
=IF(dieu_kien_logic, gia_tri_neu_dung, gia_tri_neu_sai)
| Tham so | Bat buoc? | Mo ta |
|---|---|---|
| dieu_kien_logic | Bat buoc | Bieu thuc tra ve TRUE hoac FALSE. Vi du: A1>10, B2="Ha Noi", C3<>"" |
| gia_tri_neu_dung | Bat buoc | Ket qua tra ve khi dieu kien la TRUE. Co the la so, text, cong thuc khac. |
| gia_tri_neu_sai | Tuy chon | Ket qua tra ve khi dieu kien la FALSE. Neu bo qua, tra ve FALSE. |
Vi du don gian nhat:
=IF(A1>=5, "Dat", "Khong dat")
→ Neu A1 lon hon hoac bang 5 thi hien thi "Dat", nguoc lai hien thi "Khong dat"
2. 5 Vi Du Thuc Te Thuong Gap Nhat
2.1 Phan loai diem hoc sinh
=IF(B2>=8, "Gioi", IF(B2>=6.5, "Kha", IF(B2>=5, "Trung binh", "Yeu")))
Cong thuc kiem tra diem so trong cot B va tu dong xep loai. Day la vi du dien hinh ve IF long nhau.
2.2 Tinh hoa hong ban hang
=IF(C2>=50000000, C2*0.1, C2*0.05)
Neu doanh so (C2) dat tu 50 trieu tro len, tinh hoa hong 10%. Duoi 50 trieu, tinh 5%. Ap dung cho sheet quan ly doanh thu nhan vien ban hang.
2.3 Kiem tra o trong
=IF(D2="", "Chua nhap", D2)
Hien thi thong bao "Chua nhap" neu o D2 trong, nguoc lai hien thi gia tri trong D2. Huu ich de lam noi bat du lieu con thieu trong bang theo doi.
2.4 Phan loai trang thai don hang
=IF(E2="Delivered", "Hoan thanh", IF(E2="Cancelled", "Huy", "Dang xu ly"))
Chuyen doi trang thai tieng Anh tu he thong sang nhan tieng Viet hien thi tren dashboard quan ly don hang noi bo.
2.5 Tinh ngay het han / canh bao
=IF(TODAY()>F2, "Da het han", IF(F2-TODAY()<=7, "Sap het han", "Con han"))
So sanh ngay hien tai voi ngay het han trong F2 de canh bao tu dong. Rat thuc dung trong quan ly hang ton kho, hop dong, bao hanh.
Muon Ap Dung Ngay Vao Cong Viec?
SheetStore cung cap cac template Google Sheets san cong thuc IF — chi can nhap du lieu la dung duoc
Xem Template Mien Phi3. Ket Hop IF Voi AND, OR
Trong thuc te, nhieu dieu kien kinh doanh can kiem tra dong thoi nhieu yeu to. Day la luc ban ket hop IF voi ham AND hoac OR.
IF + AND — Tat Ca Dieu Kien Phai Dung
=IF(AND(B2>=5, C2>=5, D2>=5), "Dat", "Rot")
Hoc sinh dat khi ca 3 mon deu tu 5 diem tro len. Chi can mot mon duoi 5 la ket qua "Rot".
Vi du thuc te — Thuong nhan vien:
=IF(AND(E2>=100, F2="Hoan thanh"), "Thuong 2 trieu", "Khong thuong")
→ Thuong khi doanh so E2 dat 100 DVT VA hoan thanh chi tieu F2
IF + OR — Chi Can Mot Dieu Kien Dung
=IF(OR(G2="VIP", G2="Premium"), "Uu tien", "Thuong")
Khach hang duoc uu tien neu loai la "VIP" HOAC "Premium". Dung trong CRM de phan luong xu ly yeu cau.
IF + AND + OR Ket Hop
=IF(AND(H2>0, OR(I2="Ha Noi", I2="TP.HCM")), "Ship nhanh", "Ship tieu chuan")
Giao hang nhanh khi don hang co so luong duong (H2>0) VA dia chi o Ha Noi HOAC TP.HCM.
4. IF Long Nhau (Nested IF) — Xu Ly Nhieu Truong Hop
Khi can phan loai thanh 3 nhom tro len, ban long nhieu ham IF vao nhau. Moi gia_tri_neu_sai la mot ham IF khac, tao thanh chuoi kiem tra tuan tu.
Cu Phap Nested IF
=IF(dk1, kq1, IF(dk2, kq2, IF(dk3, kq3, kq_mac_dinh)))
Logic hoat dong: Google Sheets kiem tra dieu kien tu trai sang phai. Gap dieu kien TRUE dau tien → tra ve ket qua tuong ung → dung. Khong dieu kien nao dung → tra ve ket qua mac dinh cuoi cung.
Vi Du: Xep Loai Nhan Vien Theo KPI
=IF(J2>=120, "Xuat sac",
IF(J2>=100, "Tot",
IF(J2>=80, "Dat",
IF(J2>=60, "Can cai thien", "Khong dat"))))
| % KPI dat | Ket qua | Ghi chu |
|---|---|---|
| ≥ 120% | Xuat sac | Thuong dac biet |
| 100 – 119% | Tot | Thuong tieu chuan |
| 80 – 99% | Dat | Khong phat |
| 60 – 79% | Can cai thien | Canh bao lan 1 |
| < 60% | Khong dat | Canh bao lan 2 |
Luu y quan trong:
Nested IF kiem tra tu tren xuong. Luon dat dieu kien lon hon truoc (120 → 100 → 80 → 60). Neu dat sai thu tu, ket qua se khong chinh xac.
5. Ham IFS — Thay The Nested IF Hien Dai
Tu phien ban 2020, Google Sheets ho tro ham IFS — viet gon hon, de doc hon Nested IF khi co tu 3 dieu kien tro len.
Cu Phap IFS
=IFS(dk1, kq1, dk2, kq2, dk3, kq3, TRUE, kq_mac_dinh)
Tham so cuoi TRUE, kq_mac_dinh la dieu kien luon dung — dong vai tro "else" mac dinh khi khong dieu kien nao khop.
So Sanh Nested IF vs IFS
Nested IF (kho doc hon):
=IF(A1>=90,"A",IF(A1>=80,"B",IF(A1>=70,"C",IF(A1>=60,"D","F"))))
IFS (de doc hon):
=IFS(A1>=90,"A",A1>=80,"B",A1>=70,"C",A1>=60,"D",TRUE,"F")
Ca hai cho ket qua giong nhau, nhung IFS ro rang hon va it ngoac dong hon — giam nguy co loi cu phap.
6. Ky Thuat IF Nang Cao
6.1 IFERROR — Xu Ly Loi Thong Minh
IFERROR boc quanh cong thuc de bat loi va hien thi thong bao than thien thay vi #N/A, #DIV/0!, #REF!.
=IFERROR(VLOOKUP(K2, $A$2:$B$100, 2, 0), "Khong tim thay")
Thay vi hien thi #N/A xau xi khi VLOOKUP khong tim thay ket qua, se hien "Khong tim thay" than thien. Tim hieu them ve cach xu ly 10 loi pho bien trong Google Sheets.
6.2 IF Voi ISBLANK — Kiem Tra O Trong Chinh Xac
=IF(ISBLANK(L2), "Chua co du lieu", L2*1.1)
ISBLANK() chinh xac hon L2="" vi phan biet duoc o thuc su trong voi o chua chuoi rong do cong thuc tao ra.
6.3 IF Mang (Array IF) — Ap Dung Cho Ca Cot
=ARRAYFORMULA(IF(M2:M100>=5, "Dat", "Truot"))
ARRAYFORMULA bien IF thanh cong thuc mang — ap dung tu dong cho toan bo cot M tu dong 2 den 100 chi bang mot cong thuc duy nhat o o dau tien. Day la ky thuat cot loi trong cac ham Google Sheets nang cao.
6.4 IF Voi SUMIF / COUNTIF — Thong Ke Co Dieu Kien
Ket hop IF voi cac ham thong ke tao ra bao cao dong theo dieu kien:
// Dem so don hang hoan thanh:
=COUNTIF(N2:N100, "Hoan thanh")
// Tong doanh thu theo khu vuc:
=SUMIF(O2:O100, "Ha Noi", P2:P100)
Day la cach tao dashboard tu dong cap nhat — SheetStore su dung ky thuat nay de xay bao cao kinh doanh theo thoi gian thuc. Xem them cach tu dong hoa doanh nghiep voi Google Sheets.
7. Loi Thuong Gap Voi Ham IF & Cach Sua
Loi 1: Thieu dau ngoac kep cho text
Sai: =IF(A1=Yes, "OK", "NO")
Dung: =IF(A1="Yes", "OK", "NO")
Text so sanh phai dat trong dau ngoac kep, nguoc lai Google Sheets hieu la ten vung o hoac ham.
Loi 2: Nham dau < va >
Nham: =IF(A1<10, "Thap", "Cao") khi muon "lon hon 10 la Cao"
Dung: =IF(A1>10, "Cao", "Thap")
Kiem tra ky chieu cua dau bat dang thuc. Dung o vi du voi gia tri bien de test truoc khi ap dung toan bang.
Loi 3: Khong co dieu kien mac dinh trong IFS
Sai: =IFS(A1>=90,"A", A1>=80,"B") — loi #N/A khi A1 < 80
Dung: =IFS(A1>=90,"A", A1>=80,"B", TRUE,"C")
Luon them TRUE, gia_tri_mac_dinh vao cuoi IFS de xu ly moi truong hop con lai.
Loi 4: So sanh ngay thang khong dung kieu du lieu
Sai: =IF(A1>"2026-01-01", "Moi", "Cu") — khong dang tin cay
Dung: =IF(A1>DATE(2026,1,1), "Moi", "Cu")
Luon dung ham DATE() hoac DATEVALUE() khi so sanh ngay thang de dam bao so sanh so serial date, khong phai text.
Bai viet lien quan:
8. Cau Hoi Thuong Gap (FAQ)
Ham IF trong Google Sheets dung de lam gi?
Ham IF dung de kiem tra mot dieu kien logic va tra ve gia tri khac nhau tuy ket qua TRUE hoac FALSE. Vi du: =IF(A1>10,"Dat","Khong dat") se hien thi "Dat" neu A1 lon hon 10, nguoc lai hien thi "Khong dat".
Ham IF long nhau toi da bao nhieu cap?
Google Sheets cho phep long toi da 64 ham IF. Tuy nhien, khi can kiem tra nhieu dieu kien, ban nen dung IFS() thay vi Nested IF de code de doc va bao tri hon.
Su khac biet giua IF va IFS trong Google Sheets?
IF kiem tra 1 dieu kien, IFS kiem tra nhieu dieu kien theo thu tu va tra ve gia tri tuong ung dieu kien TRUE dau tien. IFS ngan gon hon khi ban can kiem tra 3+ truong hop, thay the cho viec long IF nhieu cap.
Cach ket hop IF voi AND, OR nhu the nao?
Dung IF(AND(dk1, dk2), ket_qua_true, ket_qua_false) khi can ca hai dieu kien deu dung. Dung IF(OR(dk1, dk2), ket_qua_true, ket_qua_false) khi chi can mot trong hai dieu kien dung. Vi du: =IF(AND(A1>0, B1>0), "Ca hai duong", "Co gia tri am").
Loi #VALUE! trong ham IF la do dau?
#VALUE! thuong xay ra khi so sanh kieu du lieu khong khop, vi du so sanh text voi so. Kiem tra lai o tham chieu co chua du lieu dung loai chua. Dung ISNUMBER() hoac ISTEXT() de kiem tra kieu du lieu truoc khi dung IF.
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